Look like a bit hard to read and missing between 🤥
In Japanese, tenten (゛) and maru (゜) are diacritical marks used with kana (hiragana and katakana) to change the pronunciation of certain characters.
What the hell is it, why we need to learn this ? 🤥
The tenten (゛) and maru (゜) marks are essential in the Japanese writing system because they help distinguish between different sounds and clarify meaning. Without these marks, many words in Japanese would sound similar or be indistinguishable from one another. Here’s why they are needed:
e.g : かみ (kami) (paper) vs. かみ (kami) (god)
Requirement:
- You must know and understand Hiragana before jump into it
Here is logic how we able to convert original hiragana to Hiragana with tenten.
| Original | With Tenten | Pronunciation Changes |
|---|---|---|
| か (ka) | が (ga) | /k/ → /g/ |
| さ (sa) | ざ (za) | /s/ → /z/ |
| た (ta) | だ (da) | /t/ → /d/ |
| は (ha) | ば (ba) | /h/ → /b/ |
Note : At row さ (sa) :
- ち(chi)＞ぢ(di)
- つ(du) づ(zu)
Maru is easier, you just need to remember row： は ひ ふ へ ほ
| Original | With Maru | Pronunciation Changes |
|---|---|---|
| は (ha) | ぱ (pa) | /h/ → /p/ |
| ひ (hi) | ぴ (pi) | /h/ → /p/ |
| ふ (fu) | ぷ (pu) | /h/ → /p/ |
| へ (he) | ぺ (pe) | /h/ → /p/ |
| ほ (ho) | ぽ (po) | /h/ → /p/ |
Let’s look at the picture to see more details.
This is video easy to understand more about how to read and pronoun it.
Sample Words with Tenten (゛)
| Word (Romaji) | Hiragana | Meaning | Tiếng Việt |
|---|---|---|---|
| gakusei | がくせい | student | Học sinh / Sinh viên |
| zasshi | ざっし | magazine | Tạp chí |
| densha | でんしゃ | train | Tàu điện |
| bungaku | ぶんがく | literature | Văn học |
| gohan | ごはん | cooked rice / meal | Cơm |
| chizu | ちず | map | Bản đồ |
| kazoku | かぞく | family | Gia đình |
| eiga | えいが | movie | Phim |
| byouin | びょういん | hospital | Bệnh viện |
| doyoubi | どようび | Saturday | Thứ bảy |
Sample Words with Maru (゜)
| Word (Romaji) | Hiragana | Meaning / Usage | Tiếng Việt |
|---|---|---|---|
| pan | ぱん | bread (e.g., for breakfast) | Ăn sáng |
| kappu | かっぷ | cup | Ca / Cốc |
| pasokon | ぱそこん | personal computer (PC) | Máy tính bàn |
| pen | ぺん | pen | Bút |
| piano | ぴあの | piano | Dương cầm |
| poketto | ぽけっと | Túi | |
| peiji | ぺーじ | page (e.g., of a book) | Trang |
| purasuchikku | ぷらすちっく | plastic | Nhựa |
| posuto | ぽすと | mailbox | Hộp thư |
| pasupooto | ぱすぽーと | passport | Hộ chiếu |
Sample Conversation
👩 A:
こんにちは、がくせいですか？
(Konnichiwa, gakusei desu ka?)
Hello, are you a student?
Xin chào, bạn là sinh viên phải không ?
👨 B:
はい、だいがくのがくせいです。
(Hai, daigaku no gakusei desu.)
Yes, I’m a university student.
Đúng vậy, tôi là sinh viên đại học.
👩 A:
なにをべんきょうしていますか？
(Nani o benkyou shiteimasu ka?)
What are you studying?
Bạn đang học cái gì ?
👨 B:
にほんごとぶんがくをべんきょうしています。
(Nihongo to bungaku o benkyou shiteimasu.)
I’m studying Japanese and literature.
Tôi đang học tiếng nhật và ngữ văn
👩 A:
すごいですね！がんばってください。
(Sugoi desu ne! Ganbatte kudasai.)
That’s great! Good luck!
Tuyệt vời ! Chúc may mắn !
Final
ありがとございます！🫡
